As the world commemorated the 2020 International Day of Family Remittances on June 16, it is important to draw attention to the millions of migrant workers globally who play a vital role in global economies says the UN.
Countries around the world went to battle with a novel virus that emerged late in 2019 in order to save millions of lives, enforcing strict stay-at-home measures to curb the virus’s spread. As a result, economies globally came to a complete or near-complete standstill.
This will have directly impacted the more than 200 million migrant workers who support their 800 million family members back in their home countries (United Nations, 2020).
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In April, the World Bank predicted the sharpest decline of remittances in recent history. Global remittances were projected to decline sharply by about 20 percent in 2020 due to the economic crisis induced by the COVID-19 pandemic and shutdown.
Remittance flows to Sub-Saharan Africa are expected to decline by 23.1 per cent to reach $37bn in 2020, while recovery of four per cent is expected in 2021.
For those families depending on remittances to fund their basic living costs, the risk of falling below the poverty line has increased substantially.
Cashless transaction
This illustrates Huawei’s position that Digital Financial Services offers a new means for people, government and businesses to transact in a cashless way.
“With the pandemic forcing people to socially distance themselves from others, the adoption of DFS has been increasing across countries like Nigeria, Ghana and South Africa. In Kenya where mobile money has already made great inroads, the government has actively promoted cashless transactions as a means to limit contact spread of the irus,” said Edison Xie, Director of Media Affairs, Huawei Southern Africa Region.
According to the Nigeria Inter-Bank Settlement System Instant Payment scheme, an account-number based, online-real-time inter-bank payment solution, which was introduced in 2011 to provide instant value to customers engaging in financial transactions and has since grown to become the preferred payment option for banks and currently drives several e-payment channels such as Internet banking, USSD, and others, from about 4.4 million in 2012, NIP transactions rose to 803.1 million in 2019 and recorded 366 million transactions in Q1 2020.
Estimates for DFS adoption globally may be as high as 67 per cent post-pandemic adjusted five to10 per cent upwards from pre-pandemic estimates of 57 per cent (Forbes Africa, 2020). Yet for the most marginalised and vulnerable in our economies and in society, some barriers remain that prevent more widespread adoption and use of DSF for remittances.
High cost
The World Bank estimated a cost of around 6.7 per cent on a remittance value of $200 but for Sub-Saharan Africa, this cost rose to nine per cent even though intra-regional migrants in Sub-Saharan Africa comprised over two-thirds of all international migration from the region. The United Nations estimated that between $200-300 was spent on the costs of transfers (United Nations, 2020).
Xie added that the major contributor to the high costs of remittances is the costly operations of cross border money operators handling cash transfers.
“Reducing the reliance on cash transfers and currency exchanges is thus an important way to reduce remittance costs for those sending money to Sub Saharan countries. Digital money transfer options become essential to facilitating lower costs remittances for migrant workers,” he said.
As DFS adoption increases and the ecosystem expands to bring in more services suited to the market it serves, the evolution of the platforms coupled with increased support from the government in the form of consumer protection, costs of remittances can be expected to gradually reduce.
Digital Divide
Digital Financial Services allows for a multitude of benefits to be realised for countries and their people. Greater control of funds (how they flow and who they reach), improved accountability in systems and the ability of recipients of funds digitally to better manage resources for their own development.
It is important, however, for the full digital financial services ecosystem and value chain to be considered when initiatives are undertaken to improve participation rates.
DFS and remittances will thrive when the basics are in place to ensure every citizen in a country has equal access to the tools to participate in this part of the digital economy.
Access to Broadband connectivity, access to smartphones to access digital financial and other services, access to affordable data, relevant content and the ability to understand and use these services are all essential precursors to a fully participative population.
It is therefore crucial for governments across the continent to put their full might behind addressing the digital divide; firstly with widespread, quality Broadband access to all and then reducing barriers to accessing the Internet and digital services with speed.
“Let us use this International Remittance Day to take stock of where we are as countries responding to our people’s needs for services to improve the quality of their lives, in particular financial services,” Xie stated.
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